Feb 21, 2022:
The Truth About Us and Where We Came From
Just a catchy title?
In the last 16 yrs the latest genomic research of ancient human** DNA from across Europe, Russia, Africa, the Levant & Asia has blown the long-closed doors off the temples of most people’s beliefs about where we come from … where we came from … and radically changed what we know about race … and what we know about the peoples from whom we actually descended … Yet, most modern people seem to have heard almost nothing about this last decade of recent factual scientific updates on Europeans’ actual DNA-based genetic roots.
Ancient DNA evidence proves that the earliest Homo sapiens arriving in Europe 45,000 – 50,000 yrs ago were Black-African sourced hunter-gatherers, who dominated Europe’s gene human gene pool until roughly 8,000 years ago. During that end of that period, Eurasians (Mammoth hunters) started to move into Eastern Europe & Northern Europe roughly 10,500 yrs .ago, bringing their BLOND hair with them. The genetic mutation for blonde hair is NOT “Caucasian” and is NOT “Germanic” … Instead, the earliest blond hair appears in Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) populations, with the oldest known genes for blond hair has been found in a 17,000-year-old remains in Siberia (Afontova Gora).
So, these Mammoth Hunter Eurasians ANE derived populations moved first into Eastern Europe, and are hence known now as Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHG) located around the Ural mountains and Russian plains, and yes, they possessed light hair and skin genes. Next, they migrated furtheer into Europe after the Ice Age, introducing these traits into Northern Europe..
In another scientific genetic Ancient DNA quirk, the genes for blue eyes appear in Homo sapiens populations just north of the Black Sea, roughly 8,500 yrs, ago, then migrating into Eastern Europe and Northern Europe – in small numbers.
Getting back to Europeans main Ancient DNA themes, those earliest Black-African Homo sapien Europeans from 50,.000 – 8,000 yrs ago …. were then replaced between 8,000 – 6,000 yrs ago by very dark-skinned Homo sapien Black people (farmers, bakers & brewers) from the Levant – Anatolia/Turkey & the Fertile Crescent.
The next big genetic changes for Europeans came roughly 5000 yrs ago, when Central Asian Steppe people (called Yamnayans), nomads with horses & wheels, herds, and heavy-metal weapons… and apparently a lot of attitude => rapidly swept across Europe so quickly that Yamnayan men replaced 90% of the previous Levant-farmer/brewer /baker European males during a period of less than 300 years. Yet basically only the previous Europen males were replaced by Yamnayan malees, while not replacing the previous existing European Levant-origin females.
Next … Light skin only appears during the end of the period of ancient Europeans shifting from heavily meat-based diets, to the plant-based diets of the Levant – Anatolian farmers, bakers, & brewers. … Because of the change to a plant-based diet, our Vitamin D levels dropped, and people with light-skin fared better in our overcast lower-UV-dose European climates – causing a gradual shift from being as dark skinned as Africans (5,000 yrs ago), to becoming lighter skinned by JUST 3,000 – 4,000 yrs ago.
So, most people’s current understandings of our genetic DNA based heritage is just the tip of a rapidly-melting European iceberg … because today’s “white” Northern Europeans’ DNA mostly comes from Central Asian Yamnayans & Central Asian blue-eyed people from just north of the Black Sea, and blondes from eastern Urals-Russian mammoth hunters…
So, while Europeans blue eyes & light skin really did come from the Caucasas area, and just north of the Caucasas Mountains, still, Europeans blonde hair came from the eastern Ural Mountain & taiga people, which curiously means that modern Germans, modern Dutch, modern No. French, and modern Scandinavians DNA comes from the MOST genetically diverse, most mixing of distant peoples, and least “genetic purity” of all modern groups of Homo sapiens.
Despite these broad stroke descriptions, there are still significant genetic differences between different groups of modern Europeans. In a rather large twists of fate, for example, it turns out that many Iberian (Spanish & Portuguese & Catalonian) people are genetically different from the Germans, British & northern French peoples => due to the Iberians being a primarily a mixture of Out-of-Africa Black-skinned hunter-gatherers, +plus Black-skinned farmers from the Levant (Anatolia-Turkey, Jordan, Israel) along with some genetic contributions from Central Asian Steppe people … where the Central Asian Yamnayan nomads replacing just 40% of the Iberian males, versus the 90% replacement of other European males, which makes today’s Northern Europeans genetically fairly different from today’s Iberians.
Meanwhile it turns out that the modern Brits, Germans, French, Czechs, Hungarians, Scandinavians & Dutch have NOT lived there “the same way for 10,000’s of years” … but instead, before 6,000-8,000 years ago, ancient Northern Europeans were a race of VERY dark-skinned peoples, as dark as today’s Africans, who were a mixture of Out-of-Africa (Black) Hunter-Gatherer people migrating up out of Africa, through the Levant … coming to Britain, German, Holland, Scandinavia, Czechoslovakia, Balkans, Hungary & No. France about 55,000 yrs ago, who then mixed with NEANDERTHALS from 49,000-54,000 yrs ago … who extinguished (“replaced”) the Neanderthals by 45,000 yrs ago, even though the Neanderthals had lived there successfully for the full 350,000 previous years ….
These out-of-Africa black-skinned hunter-gatherer peoples of Europe dominated Europe for the next 31,000 years, until yet additional waves of very-dark-skinned Levant farmers started moving out of Anatolia (modern day Turkey), Jordan, Euphrates & Israel, and into Europe 9,000 yrs. ago. These “Fertile Crescent” Levant farmers brought grain cultivation (shifting us to a plant-based diet), bread-making, and BEER. Yet, notice that these early modern-Human (Homo sapiens), early northern Europeans & Central Europeans WERE WITHOUT the blue eyes, blond hair, and light skin that some modern people imagine for their ancestors…
It turns out that our supposedly ‘typical European” light skin did not appear until about 3,500 – 4,000 years ago, which is only relatively recently introduced in our European DNA history. Light skin only appears during the end of the period of ancient Europeans shifting from heavily meat-based diets, to the plant-based diets of the Levant – Anatolian farmers, bakers, & brewers. Because of the change to a plant-based diet, our Vitamin D levels dropped, and people with light-skin fared better in our overcast lower-UV-dose European climates – causing a gradual shift from being as dark skinned as Africans (5,000 yrs ago), to becoming lighter skinned by JUST 3,000 – 4,000 yrs ago.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666979X2300174X?via%3Dihub
Then sometime between 7,500 – 40,000 yrs ago, the same NORTH EURASIANS who populated North America (a North Asian group who went extinct long ago – Ancestral North Eurasian humans (ANE), a group of humans who (like Denisovans & Neanderthals) no longer exist except through their now far-off – greatly displaced – genetic progeny) … also simultaneously moved both into North America, and moved WEST – into Northern Russia, Scandinavia, Germany, Holland, No. France & Britain … mixing with the local Out-of-Africa Hunter Gatherers … making those Northern European peoples a unique mix of African, Levant, local hunter-gatherers, and ancient NORTH ASIANS … as many “white” French people today are closer to Native Americans genetically than they are to Sardinians … but all of these “pure Northern European White people” … at that point are still not today’s imagined blond-haired blue eyed “Caucasians” …
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The next big wave of people coming into “Western Europe” were very-talented, olive-skinned (or slightly darker) expert-grass-breeders … aka FARMERS from The Levant: Anatolia (Turkey) down through the Jordanian & Israeli areas … between 4000 – 5500 years ago … bringing their barley, wheat, beer & bread …
So, it isn’t until North Eurasian (Central Russia) … blond haired Hunter-Gatherer (Mammoth hunting) people from north of the Steppes – from modern-day Middle Russia & Eastern Russia (esp. the Urals & Taiga) who come into Northern Europe … that blond hair & blue eyes become “a thing” … But even then … the mythological “pure racial identity of White Europeans” … it took blue eyed people from north of the Black Sea to bring blue eyes to No. Europe about 8,500 years ago.
Still, even by 8,500 yrs ago, our current version of Europeans did not exist … and does not really come into being until …
… wait for it …
until about 5,000 years ago.
5,000 yrs ago the very aggressive Steppe people mentioned above, (Yamnayans – Central Asian Horse-Nomads) with their wheels, heavy metal weapons & horses & herds … ROCKED & ROLLED through Central Europe, Germany, Scandinavia, France & Gr. Britain – replacing much of the local previous darker-skinned farmers & hunter-gatherer peoples … as the very aggressive Yamnayan Horse-Nomad Steppe people genetically “took over” – genetically conquored Northern Europe in just a short 300 – 500 years … generally with as much as 90% replacement of local No. & Central European population (male) genes, replaced by Yamnayans between just the 500 yr period from 4,500 – 5000 yrs ago.
This means there is NO CAUCASIAN genetic history for today’s “White” northern Europeans …. none … Instead, we’re heavily Central Asian Steppe Nomad (Yamnayan) horse-people**, mixed with heavy doses of ancient NORTHERN Asian people (who no longer exist) … plus some blond-haired blue-eyed hunter-gatherers from eastern Russia – aka Northern Eurasia … mixed with dark skinned Levant farmers (from Anatolia-Turkey, Jordan & Israel) … and out-of-Africa Black people who became the first hunter-gathers of France, Iberia, Germany, Scandanavia & Great Britain.
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**But notice … This picture is missing some big cultural pieces … as to why all the European languages (aka Indo-European languages) are so inter-related. … It turns out that that Indo-European language quirk too, comes from those nasty aggressive Central Asian Steppe Nomad horse-people (Yamnayans), with their horses, wagons, heavy metal weapons, herds and plundering ways … dispersing their Yamnayan language from Northern India, all the way to Norway, Germany & Spain (Iberia)….
Yet, with all the mixing of genetics, mixing of religions & cultures (Beaker Culture & Corded Culture with Levant Farmer Culture, with local Western Europe (African root) Hunter-Gatherer Culture (literally as Santa Claus, mistletoe Christmas trees, & Christmas culture) with a big dash of North Asian culture & Middle Russian cultures (both being hunker-down to survive the cold cultures) … Yet, this beautiful mix of peoples from Africa … North Asia … Russia … Anatolia (Turkey) … and many many Neanderthals …
ultimately pacified those nasty aggressive Yamnayan Central Asian Steppe Nomad warriors … to get them to settle down … to farm … to brew beer … make bread … and make babies
… as scads of ancient 5,000 yr old Y chromosome data proves those aggressive nasty horse-riding, Yamnayan men “out-competed” the local guys for time with the local gals (5000 yrs ago) 90% of the time … much the same way 300 – 500 yrs ago the Spaniards out-competed the local guys in Colombia & Venezuela 90% of the time, for time with the local gals … 😦
So … all the dopey skin-heads … arrogant White French … and arrogant Dutchmen … and arrogant Germans, stubborn Polacks, and “pure Scandanavians” … neo-Nazis … and ultra-nationalist Facists of all flavors … are all WRONG …
Science proves that Northern European White People & Central European White people are (as proven so-far) the most genetically mixed people on the planet !!!
~ which I personally find absolutely delightful !!! ~
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Finally,
When you think “White American” or “White European”…
Can you say … Hooray for Diversity! …
Can you say… No one is pure …
Can you say … “Heinz 57” … “mutt” … “chucho” (Spanish) … “malix” (Maya) are what No. European White people are ???
😉
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The main source of all this fun fun fun Science is a 2020 youtube video (below) and a 2018 genetics book called “Who We Are and How We Got Here” that draws on the ground-breaking revolutionary science of Ancient DNA …
Ancient DNA science is wonderfully, radically, overturning centuries of previous orthodoxies … just as the microscope’s & telescope’s appearance overturned centuries of religious & racist clap-trap.
😉
General Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-vHByC14bc
Dr. Steven M. Fry
Ph.D. in Chemistry, Public Health, & Laboratory Measurement Science.
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After-thoughts:
**If you enjoyed any of this, and if our Northern European genetic history & cultural roots intrigue you, I welcome you to read a short companion piece, about what was going on with ancient humans 300,000 yrs ago, in what we call today’s modern Germany … where it turns out there were no less than at least 5 different species of “humans” simultaneously living in “Germany” … (aka not just the simple “Homo neanderhalensis & Homo sapiens” skewed view of things), here:
https://yucalandia.com/2023/12/07/early-germans-crafted-killed-with-boomerangs-300000-yrs-ago/
Further Background Information of Human Genetics and How we really don’t get “25% of our DNA from each of our 4 Grandparents” … aka How entire blocs-branches of our Ancestral DNA tree can get lopped off during Oogenesis & Spermatogenesis:
If you want to really understand where you came from, readers must go beyond overly simplistic Genetics 100 course evaluations … and instead consider (factor in) meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination during oogenesis in the mother’s ovary does exclude some of the mother’s ancestral DNA, but generally NOT to the point of the resulting egg is missing the full 50% that represents one full familial (parental) side of the mother’s heritage …
Seriously, readers need to learn their way BEYOND the whole over-simplified idea of you getting “50% of your DNA from your father” … “50% of your DNA from your mother” … and “25% from each of your grandparents” … and instead remember to factor in meiotic recombination during spermatogenesis & oogenesis.
Meiotic recombination (crossing over) involves sometimes** extensive DNA segment swapping during sperm production and egg production … a process that occurs during meiosis I. . This meitic recombination process shuffles genetic material between homologous chromosomes to ensure proper segregation. Meiotic recombination happens while the oocyte is in the fetal ovary or in the sperm of the man … processes which are essential for forming stable chiasmata (physical links) between chromosomes.
Further, homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) ALSO pair up and exchange segments of DNA, creating new genetic combinations and ensuring diversity. This, on average, occurs one to four times per pair of chromosomes in humans.
**Consider the Case of a Daughter who exhibits no Native American DNA content, while her genetic mother is 50% Native American by both DNA results & personal history. IOW, sometimes (though not often) a grandchild can get almost no DNA from 1 grandparent, due to meiotic recombination.
So, it is theoretically possible that during the meiosis I stage of when the mother’s 50% Native America DNA’s egg was formed (the egg that produced the daughter with no Native American DNA) … that an exceedingly RARE version of meiotic recombination occured during oogeneis … … that included ONLY the 50% non-Native DNA segment from the mother … excluding a grandparent’s Native American DNA from the granddaughter’s DNA … effectively lopping off the whole genetic branch of that grandparent’s genetic tree from the granddaughter.
Possible, but quite unusual.
https://www.molbiolcell.org/doi/10.1091/mbc.e11-12-0982#:~:text=FOOTNOTES,B%20activity%20in%20these%20cells.
Thank you for giving credit to Yucalandia.com, if you use any of this material.
Read-on, MacDuff …
December 27, 2022 UPDATE:
Rather than the previous minimum 6 legally required paid-vacation days off work for Mexican workers, it’s now a minimum of 12 “continuous”** total paid-vacation days off work for all employees in 2023.
D.O.F. 12/26/2022 (Diario Official de la Federacion)
**Notice that if both the worker & employer mutually agree, the 12 days of vacation do not have to be taken consecutively.
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Aguinaldo in $ Pesos $
** If a worker is hired to work by the week, the “Daily Rate” equals their weekly pay … divided by 7. If he / she is hired by the month, the “Daily Rate” is the monthly amount divided by 30.
Note that if they work only a part year:
An alternate way of calculating the aguinaldo is determined by multiplying the total days they worked in current year times 15 … then divide by 365 days .. and then finally … multiply that value by the daily rate:
For a part-year worker coming in for 2 days a month for 9 months =>
18 days total worked … x … 15 days of Aguinaldo = 270
270 / 365 = 0.7392 … 0.74 x $Daily Rate ($100 pesos/day?) = $ _____
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Vacation Pay – 2023 Update !
Vacation pay for current year worked. … Remember that this is the official Mexican Labor Law’s “Daily Rate” ** (see below) … and remember they should also receive this pay for all past years worked.
1st year – 12 days of Daily Rate pay**
2 years – 14 days
3 years – 16 days
4 years – 18 days
5 years – 20 days
6 to 10 years – 22 days
11 to 15 years – 24 days
16 to 20 years – 26 days
21 to 25 years – 28 days
26 to 30 years – 30 days
31 to 36 years – 32 days
**Daily Rate pay is based on a 7 day work-week calculation. Either divide their weekly pay by 7 to get their Daily Rate pay … or .. Calculate the full year pay, and divide by 365 days to get the Daily Rate pay.
Happy Holidays !
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